Corpora and evaluation tools for multilingual named entity grammar development

We present an effort for the development of multilingual named entity grammars in a unification-based finite-state formalism (SProUT). Following an extended version of the MUC7 standard, we have developed Named Entity Recognition grammars for German, Chinese, Japanese, French, Spanish, English, and Czech. The grammars recognize person names, organizations, geographical locations, currency, time and date expressions. Subgrammars and gazetteers are shared as much as possible for the grammars of the different languages. Multilingual corpora from the business domain are used for grammar development and evaluation. The annotation format (named entity and other linguistic information) is described. We present an evaluation tool which provides detailed statistics and diagnostics, allows for partial matching of annotations, and supports user-defined mappings between different annotation and grammar output formats

Diurnal patterns in lightning activity over South America

Ponencia presentada en 2nd TEA–IS Summer School, June 23rd – June 27nd 2014, Collioure, France.Satellite and ground network observations of lightning flash distribution data are used to examine the diurnal cycle of lightning activity over the tropical and subtropical regions of South America. The results show in the subtropical South America, particularly the area limited by [-25°; -40°] of latitude and [-70°; -50°] of longitude, the time of maximum lightning activity was shifted to nocturnal hours, extending from close to midnight to early morning hours. This behavior can be associated to the peak in MCSs in the morning hours in the region. A close connection between peak time of lightning activity and peak time of precipitation events have been observed by comparing the current results with other published studies. On the other hand, storms over northern Argentina are known as leading Transient Luminous Events (TLE) generators on Earth (Thomas et al., 2007).Fil: Nicora, M. Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus aplicaciones; Argentina.Fil: Nicora, M. Gabriela. Ministerio de Defensa. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus aplicaciones; Argentina.Fil: Castellano, Nesvit. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Castellano, Nesvit. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Ávila, Eldo E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Ávila, Eldo E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Bürgesser, Rodrigo E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Bürgesser, Rodrigo E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosférica

Measurements of atmospheric electricity aloft

Measurements of the electrical characteristics of the atmosphere above the surface have been made for over 200 years, from a variety of different platforms, including kites, balloons, rockets and aircraft. From these measurements, a great deal of information about the electrical characteristics of the atmosphere has been gained, assisting our understanding of the global atmospheric electric circuit, thunderstorm electrification and lightning generation mechanisms, discovery of transient luminous events above thunderstorms, and many other electrical phenomena. This paper surveys the history of atmospheric electrical measurements aloft, from the earliest manned balloon ascents to current day observations with free balloons and aircraft. Measurements of atmospheric electrical parameters in a range of meteorological conditions are described, including clear air conditions, polluted conditions, non-thunderstorm clouds, and thunderstorm clouds, spanning a range of atmospheric conditions, from fair weather, to the most electrically active

The Government-Chieftaincy Power Nexus in Sierra Leone : Implications for Conflict Creation

The thesis has two main objectives. First, it explores the power dynamics in the government-chieftaincy nexus in Sierra Leone. Secondly, the thesis examines what implications the relationship between various governments and the chieftaincy have had for conflict creation. Undertaking this exploration, the thesis has analyzed three historical periods marked by significant contextual changes in the government-chieftaincy nexus, these being: colonialism, early Independence and the post war era. The conclusions of the thesis show that the various governments in Sierra Leone constantly aim at establishing links to the chieftaincy in order to create social control with the peripheral areas of Sierra Leone, beyond government reach. These links are predominantly based on modes of accountability and reciprocal obligations. Further, while some government’s cooperation with the chiefs have rested on a shared ideological platform, these governments and chiefs essentially being part of one and the same power-elite, other governments have used forceful and coercive strategies in order to instate chiefs that would act as their loyal intermediaries. The findings of the thesis show that the government-chieftaincy nexus in Sierra Leone is conflict creating because its relations of accountability have legitimized the chief’s use of excessive force towards their local populations, as well as fraudulent use of chiefdom funds. This in turn has been one of the root causes to many of the violent conflicts which have taken place in Sierra Leone, including the civil war

Herbst

15 p. 33 cm. 1. Trüger Tag.--2. Frage.--3. Vergangen.--4. Mut.--5. Gekränkte Liebe.--6. Versöhnte Liebe.--7. Sonnenblick.--8. Ende

Collegii Anti-Sociniani Publici Quo Mataeologia Universa Neo-Photinianorum e Scriptis ipsorum plene detegitur, Nec Non e.S. Literis, propriisq[ue], adversae partis testimoniis succincte refellitur, Disputatio XXIV. De Sacramentis In Genere Et in Specie De Baptismo

Praeside Abraham Calovio, SS. Theol. D. Eiusdemque Prof. Publ. ... Placidae sententiarum collationi subiicit Christianus Beringius Gryphiswaldensis Pomeranus. In Auditorio Maiori, ad d. 11. Maii horis antemeridiani